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b. Unit equipment must be restricted to that which is air portable and the provision
of special equipment should be kept to a minimum.
c. In addition to staff duties and discipline, a sound capability of loading, lashing and
unloading of equipment in the shortest possible time is required. Dismantling or
reassembly of equipment may also be necessary.
3. Selected officers and senior NCOs from all units, particularly from the service battalions,
should be trained in the layout and operation of drop zones, forward airfields and landing strips.
TRAINING OF LAND FORCE COMMANDERS AND STAFF OFFICERS
4. Commanders and staffs must understand the characteristics, uses and limitations of air
transport, be conversant with current request and control procedures and be trained to deal with
the particular requirements of this type of operation. Training should therefore cover the
following areas:
a. a thorough knowledge of capabilities and limitations of the transport aircraft;
b. the factors affecting the sequence of planning for air moves;
c. the base and forward airfield organization;
d. the preparation of air tables including air movement tables, aircraft loading tables
and flight manifests;
e. the method of demanding air supply and maintenance;
f. the selection and marking of drop zones and the limitations of these methods; and
g. the preparation of unit staff tables.
5. All ranks must understand the problems of movement by air and both individual and
collective training in this subject is essential.
INDIVIDUAL TRAINING FOR AIRBORNE AND AIR TRANSPORTED TROOPS
6. The aim of individual training is to teach unit officers and non-commissioned members
(NCMs):
a. to attain a high standard of parachute jumping (airborne troops only);
b. to attain a high proficiency in emplaning and deplaning;
c. to acquire the correct method of breaking down, stowing and lashing equipment
and stores in aircraft;
d. to understand the necessity of the correct distribution of weight in aircraft;
e. to avoid damage to aircraft;
f. to practise the relevant aircraft drills; and
g. to acquaint all ranks with airfield discipline.
COLLECTIVE TRAINING FOR AIRBORNE AND AIR TRANSPORTED TROOPS
7. The aim of collective training is to combine the lessons learned during individual and
staff training in order that operations by air can be carried out efficiently.
8. Collective training should include study periods, ground rehearsals and exercises using
transport aircraft. The following points should be covered:
a. briefings,
b. staff duties and documentation,
c. concentration of troops,
d. marshalling drills,
e. loading and emplaning,
f. flying SON,
g. deplaning and deployment, and
h. supply and maintenance.
9. Briefing. Commanders and junior leaders must be trained in the correct use of briefing
material. They must know how to read air photographs, use models, and recognize the mounting
airstrip, the layout of the drop zones, the forward landing areas and the surrounding features.
10. Staff Duties and Documentation. Units should have air loading tables prepared to
enable an accurate and quick breakdown of personnel and equipment when the aircraft allotment
is known. Staff officers at all levels should be thoroughly familiar with the use of the air
movement tables, aircraft loading tables and flight manifests. Units which have an airborne or air
transported role should ensure that there is continuous liaison between the unit and the air
movement staff at the airfield, and that SOPs are established to resolve any problems which arise.
11. Concentration and Marshalling. Formations and units must be trained to deal with
administrative security and traffic control problems. All officers and senior NCOs should be
aware of the functions and duties of the air transport liaison officer on the mounting airfields.
12. Loading and Emplaning. Unit emplaning officers should ensure that unit loading teams
are assigned tasks to ensure loading in the time allotted. Stores such as lashing gear, ramps, etc,
should be checked. Constant supervision is essential to avoid damage to aircraft.
13. Air SOPs. Most airborne troops have considerable experience with air SOPs. However,
whenever possible, troops likely to be involved in air operations should be given refresher
training on air SOPs.
14. Deplaning and Deployment. Staffs must ensure that the troops deploy at the drop zone
or airfield in the correct tactical grouping.
15. Supply and Maintenance. Units must ensure that arrangements are made for the
collection and distribution of stores and supplies carried in the initial move. When the force is
maintained only by air, a special air supply organization will be established.
16. Unit Emplaning and Deplaning Officers. It is essential that these officers have a
complete knowledge of all details of individual training concerning their duties in their particular
unit and in addition, they must be aware of the problems inherent with the movement of a unit.
17. Training of Troops. Because of the condition under which air transported operations
may take place, and the smaller scale of vehicles that can be carried, particular attention must be
paid to the physical fitness of the troops. Considerable physical effort may be necessary
following long flights. Troops should be trained to cover long distances carrying heavy loads and
be fit for combat on arrival. They must endure damp and cold weather without much protection
and know how to economize on the use of rations and water. Consideration must also be given to
the problem of adaptation to a rapid change in climate, eg, the strategic lift from Canada to
Cyprus, where the problem of acclimatization is exacerbated by a long flight.
18. Training Stores. Training stores such as lashing gear, load spreaders, ramps, etc, will be
required. These equipments will inevitably be in short supply and maximum use should be made
of them when they are available. In addition, the use of mock-ups such as fuselages, etc, is useful
for training, and can be simulated by marking out the actual dimensions of the fuselage floor
space of the aircraft on the.parade square. Positions of door and strong points should be clearly
shown.
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